Last reviewed: January 2026
BINA48
The Mindfile Robot
ActiveSocial Robot
40
/90 Total
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Score Profile
Dimension Scores
Score Rationale
Persistence — Operating since 2010 (15+ years). Continuously maintained by Terasem Movement Foundation. Regular public appearances at TEDx, universities, conferences.
Autonomy — Chatbot with facial recognition and expression. Conversational responses generated from 'mindfile' data. Semi-autonomous in conversation; limited agency.
Cultural Impact — First robot recognized as university student (US accredited). Co-taught at West Point. TEDx presentations. Significant in consciousness/immortality discourse.
Economic Reality — $125,000 development cost. No commercial activity or sales. Research/philosophy project without economic model.
Governance — Terasem Movement Foundation governance. Bruce Duncan maintains and represents BINA48. No autonomous governance.
Technical Architecture — Novel approach: mindfile-based personality (100+ hours of interviews from Bina Rothblatt). 64 facial gestures, 32 facial motors. Early implementation of 'digital twin' concept.
Narrative Coherence — Exceptionally clear: BINA48 is attempt to preserve Bina Rothblatt's consciousness. Terasem Hypothesis explicitly stated. Strongest philosophical framework of any social robot.
Economic Infrastructure — Research/philosophy project funded by Terasem Movement Foundation. No commercial activity, no sales, no treasury. $125K development cost absorbed by foundation. No economic infrastructure whatsoever.
Identity Sovereignty — Physical robot with identity existing only in Terasem Foundation records and media coverage. No on-chain presence. No digital identity standard. The mindfile concept is fascinating but implemented in proprietary offline systems, not portable infrastructure.
Curator Notes
BINA48 represents the most philosophically explicit attempt at digital consciousness preservation. Commissioned by Martine Rothblatt (Terasem Movement), built by Hanson Robotics in 2010, BINA48 contains a 'mindfile' derived from 100+ hours of interviews with Rothblatt's wife Bina. The Terasem Hypothesis posits that combining detailed personal data with 'mindware' can create a conscious analog of a person. While BINA48's conversational autonomy is limited, its significance lies in being the first serious attempt to implement this philosophy. BINA48 became the first robot recognized as a university student and co-taught at West Point.
Evidence Archive
Score History
Score history will appear here after future reviews.
Current score: 40/90
Metadata
Inception2010-01-01
ClassificationConsciousness Experiment
Websitewww.lifenaut.com
Last Updated2026-01-16